Hasan GÜZELBEKTEŞ

Article | 2017 | Acta Scientiae Veterinariae45 ( Pub. 1496 )

Background: Atresia coli is an intestinal anomaly. Generally, absence of defecation in calves less than 10 days old, diminishing appetite, progressing abdominal distention and time-developing depression are reported in atresia coli. Although a calf consumes its milk normally in first days, loss of appetite develops over time. Occasional minor pain indications are observed. The objective of this study was to evaluate of hematologic, blood gases, cardiac biomarkers and serum biochemical parameters before operation in calves with atresia coli, and to investigate relationship with prognosis of these parameters. Materials, Methods & Re . . .sults: Thirty calves with atresia coli and 6 healthy calves for control were used as material. Poor suction reflex, anorexia, dehydration, abdomen-kicking, frequent leg movement, abdominal distension and depression were observed in calves brought to the clinic. Some calves presented swashing sound depending on content of intestines when abdomen was shaken. Intestine atresia was diagnosed by history and clinical examination. After clinical examination, operation was performed. All calves were observed during 10 days after operation. Fifteen of 30 calves died during 10 days after operation. The blood lactate, WBC, LDH and CK-MB levels in non-surviving calves with atresia coli were significantly higher compared to control calves. The venous blood pH level was significantly lower in non-surviving calves compared to surviving calves. In addition, when compared to the control group, the blood pCO(2) level was significantly higher in non-surviving and surviving calves with atresia coli while the pO(2) and O-2 saturation levels were significantly lower. Discussion: In calves with intestinal atresia, hematologic parameters are normal in first 48 h of disease. However, leukocytosis and shift to the left have been reported over time. However, leukocytosis due to peritonitis, bacterial overgrowth, etc. have been reported over time. It was seen that leukocyte numbers of non-surviving calves with atresia coli in this study were significantly higher, but leucocyte increase in surviving calves was seen to be statistically insignificant. Leukocyte increased in non-surviving calves with atresia may be associated with excessive bacterial reproduction and peritonitis. Blood lactate level is a commonly used marker for severity of disease in humans and lactate has a prognostic value in adult horses with colic and foals with critical disease. In this study, lactate level in non-surviving calves with atresia coli was significantly higher with respect to surviving calves and control calves. In this result, lactate can be evaluated as a prognostic indicator in calves with atresia coli. Creatine kinase-MB fraction and troponins are used in determination of cardiac damage in veterinary medicine. The fact that serum blood cTnI and CK-MB levels of non-surviving calves with intestinal atresia in this study were higher than surviving calves with atresia coli and control calves suggested that endotoxemia related cardiac damage may have developed. Surgical operation is necessary in the treatment of intestinal atresia. It was determined that the importance of calves age and colon integrity during time of surgical operation in survival of calves with atresia coli. The studies showed that survival rate in surgical operation conducted on calves under 3 days old was higher than calves over 5 day-old. Average of age of non-surviving calves with atresia coli in this study (4.67 +/- 1.23 days) was higher than average of age of surviving calves with atresia coli (3.27 +/- 0.51 days). It was also observed in our study that elapsed time affected prognosis of calves negatively. Thus, performing surgical operations as soon as possible may raise survival rate of calves with intestinal atresia as stated in previous studies More less

Ali RIŞVANLI

Article | 2021 | Acta Scientiae Veterinariae49 ( Pub. 1830 )

Background: Mastitis is a mammary gland inflammation that is very common worldwide, mostly caused by bacteria, and causes enormous economic losses. Many microorganisms cause this disease. The most common causes of mastitis by these microorganisms are Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae). The anti-inflammatory properties of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta include: 1) limiting interferon (IFN)-gamma production; 2) increasing the expression of the interleukine (IL)-1 receptor antagonist; 3) inhibiting macrophage production of chemokines, pro-inflammatory cytoki . . .nes, nitric oxide, and reactive oxygen intermediates; and 4) increasing macrophage clearance of bacterial debris and damaged parenchymal cells. It is stated that cytokines and milk composition change in case of mastitis. In this study, it was aimed to reveal the changes in milk TGF-beta 1 and Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha concentrations and milk composition in mixed infections caused by three pathogens causing mastitis. Materials, Methods & Results: In this study, milk samples from 90 cows were divided into 5 groups. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and TGF-beta 1 concentrations and milk composition were determined in these milk samples. The California Mastitis Test (CMT) was applied to the cows included in the study and scoring was done. According to the CMT results of the milk samples taken, CMT(-) cows were included in group 1 (n = 22). Those with the CMT(+) were sent to the microbiology laboratory for analysis within 2 h. After the bacteria was determined, combination groupings were formed. Group 2 (n = 17), in which S. aureus and E. coli grew together, group 3 (n = 21), in which S. aureus and S. agalactiae grew together, group 4 (n = 8), in which S. agalactiae and E. coli grew together in milk samples, and milk samples without any bacterial growth in CMT (+) formed group 5 (n = 22), respectively. Somatic cell count was measured with the DeLaval Cell Counter((R)) (Cell Counter DCC) device. Mineral matter, fat, protein, lactose, electrical conductivity and specific gravity were measured in milk samples using Lactoscan Milk Analyzer (Milkotronic/EUROPE). Milk samples were then stored at -80 degrees C to measure TGF-beta 1 and TNF-alpha. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and TGF-beta 1 concentrations in milk samples were measured using ELISA kits (Sunred Biological Technology). Discussion: Changes in milk TNF-alpha and TGF-beta 1 concentration and milk composition were determined in milk samples with mastitis caused by mixed infection. The TNF-alpha concentration of group 4 was higher than the other groups. On the other hand, the highest concentration of TGF-beta 1 was found in group 2. While the number of somatic cells in group 1 was lower than in groups 2, 3, and 4, there was no statistical difference between groups 1 and 5. The lowest milk fat ratio was found in group 1, and it was found to be statistically lower than groups 2, 3, and 4. While the rate of solid-non-fat of group 1 increased compared to groups 2 and 3, the highest protein ratio was found in groups 1 and 5. There was no difference between the 5 groups in terms of mineral matter ratios. While the specific gravity was highest in group 1, there was no statistical difference between the other 4 groups. Overall, it was concluded that there was an increase in TNF-alpha and TGF-beta 1 concentrations and a change in milk composition in samples with bacterial growth More less

Murat KİBAR

Article | 2016 | Acta Scientiae Veterinariae44 ( Pub. 1370 )

Backround: Milk is produced at the cost of other metabolic processes in the body and high milk yield has been associated with lameness and claw lesions. Lameness has also been associated with a decrease in milk yield. In the past, claw disorders and lameness in dairy cattle have been an increasing problem of the modern dairy industry. Hoof trimming is performed to prevent hoof lesions and improve gait by correction and maintenance of the hoof symmetry and shape. Lameness caused by hoof disorders can be treated by correct hoof trimming. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that one-time claw trimming affect the milk produ . . .ction in dairy cattle with hoof disorders on commercial dairy farms. Materials, Methods & Results: Milk yield level was examined before and after claw trimming in dairy cattle. Eighteen Holstein dairy cows were examined on a commercial dairy farm. Calving number, calving time, lactation number, lactation stage, culling date and milk yield in liters were detected from farm recording system. All cows were visual signs of claw disorders or lameness. Their hooves had not been were trimmed for several years. Trimming technique included leveling the 2 claws, aiming for symmetric bulbs. The axial and abaxial walls were both intended to be parts of the bearing surface and the 2 claws were trimmed flat and balanced with each other. The caudal two-thirds of the axial sole of both claws were sloped toward the interdigital area. All of the cows checked for hoof diseases. The period of observation spanned 45 d, starting day of claw trimming. The observation period was the lactation when the claw trimming was performed. Milk yield was performed one day before and 10, 30, and 45 days after hoof trimming. Cows that were in the mid to late lactation period were selected for the study. The mean days in milk for the group was 221.8 (150-272 days) and the mean number of calvings was 2.8 times (range: 2-5 times) before trimming. Discussion: The shape of the lactation curve is influenced by herd factors such as management and nutrition and individual factors like genetics, parity, and disease. Discrepancies in the literature with regard to the effect of lameness and claw lesions on milk yield are partly the result of these complex influences. Daily milk production of cows in the current study averaged 21 L/d, so milk weight represented approximately 3% of a cow's body weight per milking. In this study cows were 2 to 5th lactation. Most hoof diseases are accrued around the time of calving. Hoof diseases is becomed visible on the bearing surface of the sole after 2 to 3 months such as white-line disease, sole ulcer, and hemorrhages. We assessed milk yield as the one time claw trimming performed, so any possible healing effect of claw trimming could have led to an underestimation of any negative effects of bad claw health on milk production. Cows with painful claw lesions eat less, are more reluctant to move, and might consequently produce less milk than cows without claw lesions. The significant associations between most claw disorders and increased yield in this study do not prove direct relationships. At claw trimming, the average lactation stage in first parity was 148 DIM; 25% of the cows were before 74 DIM and 25% were later than 226 DIM. After the claw trimming between days 10-30 and 10-45 were determined differences in milk yield (P < 0.05; P < 0.01). In conclusion, this study showed that one time hoof trimming during the lactation period changed the milk yield of the dairy cows with hoof diseases More less